Simon Williams

KUWAIT: More than 125 people gathered in Kuwait yesterday for HSBC's 18th Middle East Economist Roadshow. The event, held at the Marina Hotel saw David Bloom, Global Head of Foreign Exchange Strategy, and Simon Williams, Chief Economist, CEEMEA, discuss the most important global and regional trends shaping the Middle East's economies. Each year, the roadshow visits Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Riyadh, before making stops in Qatar, Kuwait and Oman.

Simon Williams said: "The balance sheets of the Middle East oil producers are strong enough to absorb the terms of trade shock. However large the deficits may get, they are going to be funded. The dollar pegs are going to hold. We fear this is not a cyclical dip in oil prices, but a change in cycle. A structural shift. The boom era may be done, more difficult times lie ahead.

While there is no crisis on the horizon, the terms of trade shock is too large to ignore. Deficits approaching half a trillion dollars over 2015-17 mean that spending will be cut, interest rates will rise and growth will slow markedly. The wealth that Kuwait commands leaves it better placed than many of its peers, but even here the downturn in activity will be marked. Capital and current spending growth will slow, investment in the energy sector will reverse, and the dollar-driven appreciation of the currency will undermine competitiveness. The answer is structural reform, and I can see some changes already being introduced. But it is a long and difficult process. Leadership will be key."

David Bloom said: "The start of a Fed tightening cycle will not be US dollar (USD) positive in our view. Like other countries that have had to quickly reverse their post-crisis rate hikes, the Fed's cycle will likely be shorter than before. If this is due to low inflation, the USD should fall against both Emerging Market and Developed Market FX.

So far, the ECB has successfully managed to weaken the euro (EUR), but fighting any EUR-USD upside may be more difficult, given that it faces several crucial self-imposed constraints that make a large-scale expansion of the quantitative easing (QE) program difficult. We see EUR-USD at 1.20 by year-end 2016. The consensus in markets is for further Bank of Japan (BoJ) easing, given stubbornly low inflation in Japan. However, we do not share this view, and think that large-scale QE is reaching its limits of effectiveness. This, combined with technical and political difficulties, means we see the BoJ holding off on further easing. We therefore change our USD-JPY forecasts, to 115 in Q4 2016, from 125.